Atropine

Generic Name: Atropine
Brand Name: DICATRO®
Dosage Form: Injection 0.5mg/1m
Pharmacological Category: Cardiovascular Drugs
Therapeutic Category: anticholinergic/choronotropic agents
Pregnancy Category: Category C

Pharmacology

Atropine has two actions. The most important therapeutic action is the inhibition of smooth muscle and glands innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves. Atropine also has central-nervous-system activity, which may be stimulating or depressing depending upon the dose.

Pharmacokinetics:

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

Indications:

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

Contraindications:

Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

Precautions:

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

Drug Interactions:

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

Side Effects:

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

Storage:

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

Packing:

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

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Image: 
Brand Name: 

DICATRO®

Dosage Form: 

Injection 0.5mg/1m

Pharmacological Category: 

Cardiovascular Drugs

Therapeutic Category: 

anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

Pregnancy Category: 

Category C

Atropine has two actions. The most important therapeutic action is the inhibition of smooth muscle and glands innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves. Atropine also has central-nervous-system activity, which may be stimulating or depressing depending upon the dose.

Pharmacokinetics: 

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

Indications: 

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

Contraindications: 

Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

Precautions: 

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

Drug Interactions: 

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

Side Effects: 

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

Storage: 

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

Packing: 

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

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DICATRO®

[view] =>

DICATRO®

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Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

[view] =>

Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

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Injection 0.5mg/1m

[view] =>

Injection 0.5mg/1m

) ) [field_drug_interactions] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => • belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ; • bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva); • digoxin ; • glycopyrrolate ; • mepenzolate ; • bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or • irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline . [format] => 1 [safe] =>

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

[view] =>

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

) ) [field_indications] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => 1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action. 2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon. 3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle. 4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm. 5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders. 6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions. 7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs. 8. In the management of peptic ulcer. 9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions. 10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever. 11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning. 12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases. [format] => 1 [safe] =>

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

[view] =>

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

) ) [field_packing] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => • Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules [format] => 1 [safe] =>

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

[view] =>

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

) ) [field_pdf] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [fid] => 5956 [uid] => 2 [filename] => brwshwr_ampwl_atrwpyn_0.5.pdf [filepath] => sites/default/files/pdf/brwshwr_ampwl_atrwpyn_0.5.pdf [filemime] => application/pdf [filesize] => 2854230 [status] => 1 [timestamp] => 1656844603 [list] => 1 [data] => [i18nsync] => 1 [nid] => 239 [view] => ) ) [field_pharmacokinetics] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance. Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively. Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection. Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively. Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration. Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours. Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes. Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS. Traces are found in various secretions, including milk. Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid. Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein. Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates. About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged. Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air. Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer. [format] => 1 [safe] =>

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

[view] =>

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

) ) [field_pharmacological_category] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => Cardiovascular Drugs [format] => 1 [safe] =>

Cardiovascular Drugs

[view] =>

Cardiovascular Drugs

) ) [field_precautions] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers. [format] => 1 [safe] =>

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

[view] =>

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

) ) [field_pregnancy_category] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => Category C [format] => 1 [safe] =>

Category C

[view] =>

Category C

) ) [field_references] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => [format] => [safe] => [view] => ) ) [field_side_effects] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => • an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives); • an irregular or fast heart rate; • rash or flushing; or • eye pain. • headache, dizziness or lightheadedness; • weakness or nervousness; • blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light; • nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation; • changes in taste; • difficulty urinating; • decreased sweating; or • nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth. [format] => 1 [safe] =>

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

[view] =>

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

) ) [field_storage] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => • Store below 30 C° • Protect from light and freezing [format] => 1 [safe] =>

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

[view] =>

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

) ) [field_therapeutic_category] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [value] => anticholinergic/choronotropic agents [format] => 1 [safe] =>

anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

[view] =>

anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

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Image: 
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DICATRO®

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DICATRO®

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DICATRO®

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DICATRO®

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Brand Name: 

DICATRO®

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Injection 0.5mg/1m

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Injection 0.5mg/1m

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Injection 0.5mg/1m

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Injection 0.5mg/1m

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Dosage Form: 

Injection 0.5mg/1m

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Cardiovascular Drugs

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Cardiovascular Drugs

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Cardiovascular Drugs

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Cardiovascular Drugs

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Pharmacological Category: 

Cardiovascular Drugs

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anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

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anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

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anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

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anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

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Therapeutic Category: 

anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

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Category C

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Category C

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Category C

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Category C

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Pregnancy Category: 

Category C

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Atropine has two actions. The most important therapeutic action is the inhibition of smooth muscle and glands innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves. Atropine also has central-nervous-system activity, which may be stimulating or depressing depending upon the dose.

[#title] => [#description] => [#printed] => 1 ) [field_pharmacokinetics] => Array ( [#type_name] => product [#context] => full [#field_name] => field_pharmacokinetics [#post_render] => Array ( [0] => content_field_wrapper_post_render ) [#weight] => 4 [field] => Array ( [#description] => [items] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [#formatter] => default [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type_name] => product [#field_name] => field_pharmacokinetics [#weight] => 0 [#theme] => text_formatter_default [#item] => Array ( [value] => Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance. Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively. Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection. Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively. Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration. Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours. Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes. Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS. Traces are found in various secretions, including milk. Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid. Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein. Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates. About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged. Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air. Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer. [format] => 1 [safe] =>

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

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Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Pharmacokinetics: 

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

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1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

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1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Indications: 

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

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Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

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Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Contraindications: 

Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

[#printed] => 1 ) [field_precautions] => Array ( [#type_name] => product [#context] => full [#field_name] => field_precautions [#post_render] => Array ( [0] => content_field_wrapper_post_render ) [#weight] => 8 [field] => Array ( [#description] => [items] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [#formatter] => default [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type_name] => product [#field_name] => field_precautions [#weight] => 0 [#theme] => text_formatter_default [#item] => Array ( [value] => Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers. [format] => 1 [safe] =>

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

[#printed] => 1 ) [#single] => 1 [#attributes] => Array ( ) [#required] => [#parents] => Array ( ) [#tree] => [#context] => full [#page] => 1 [#field_name] => field_precautions [#title] => Precautions [#access] => 1 [#label_display] => above [#teaser] => [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type] => content_field [#children] =>

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Precautions: 

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

[#printed] => 1 ) [field_drug_interactions] => Array ( [#type_name] => product [#context] => full [#field_name] => field_drug_interactions [#post_render] => Array ( [0] => content_field_wrapper_post_render ) [#weight] => 9 [field] => Array ( [#description] => [items] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [#formatter] => default [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type_name] => product [#field_name] => field_drug_interactions [#weight] => 0 [#theme] => text_formatter_default [#item] => Array ( [value] => • belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ; • bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva); • digoxin ; • glycopyrrolate ; • mepenzolate ; • bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or • irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline . [format] => 1 [safe] =>

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

[#printed] => 1 ) [#single] => 1 [#attributes] => Array ( ) [#required] => [#parents] => Array ( ) [#tree] => [#context] => full [#page] => 1 [#field_name] => field_drug_interactions [#title] => Drug Interactions [#access] => 1 [#label_display] => above [#teaser] => [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type] => content_field [#children] =>

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Drug Interactions: 

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

[#printed] => 1 ) [field_side_effects] => Array ( [#type_name] => product [#context] => full [#field_name] => field_side_effects [#post_render] => Array ( [0] => content_field_wrapper_post_render ) [#weight] => 10 [field] => Array ( [#description] => [items] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [#formatter] => default [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type_name] => product [#field_name] => field_side_effects [#weight] => 0 [#theme] => text_formatter_default [#item] => Array ( [value] => • an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives); • an irregular or fast heart rate; • rash or flushing; or • eye pain. • headache, dizziness or lightheadedness; • weakness or nervousness; • blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light; • nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation; • changes in taste; • difficulty urinating; • decreased sweating; or • nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth. [format] => 1 [safe] =>

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

[#printed] => 1 ) [#single] => 1 [#attributes] => Array ( ) [#required] => [#parents] => Array ( ) [#tree] => [#context] => full [#page] => 1 [#field_name] => field_side_effects [#title] => Side Effects [#access] => 1 [#label_display] => above [#teaser] => [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type] => content_field [#children] =>

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Side Effects: 

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

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• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

[#printed] => 1 ) [#single] => 1 [#attributes] => Array ( ) [#required] => [#parents] => Array ( ) [#tree] => [#context] => full [#page] => 1 [#field_name] => field_storage [#title] => Storage [#access] => 1 [#label_display] => above [#teaser] => [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type] => content_field [#children] =>

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Storage: 

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

[#printed] => 1 ) [field_packing] => Array ( [#type_name] => product [#context] => full [#field_name] => field_packing [#post_render] => Array ( [0] => content_field_wrapper_post_render ) [#weight] => 12 [field] => Array ( [#description] => [items] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [#formatter] => default [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type_name] => product [#field_name] => field_packing [#weight] => 0 [#theme] => text_formatter_default [#item] => Array ( [value] => • Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules [format] => 1 [safe] =>

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

[#delta] => 0 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#theme_used] => 1 [#printed] => 1 [#type] => [#value] => [#prefix] => [#suffix] => [#children] =>

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

[#printed] => 1 ) [#single] => 1 [#attributes] => Array ( ) [#required] => [#parents] => Array ( ) [#tree] => [#context] => full [#page] => 1 [#field_name] => field_packing [#title] => Packing [#access] => 1 [#label_display] => above [#teaser] => [#node] => stdClass Object *RECURSION* [#type] => content_field [#children] =>

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

[#printed] => 1 ) [#title] => [#description] => [#children] =>
Packing: 

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

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Image: 
Brand Name: 

DICATRO®

Dosage Form: 

Injection 0.5mg/1m

Pharmacological Category: 

Cardiovascular Drugs

Therapeutic Category: 

anticholinergic/choronotropic agents

Pregnancy Category: 

Category C

Atropine has two actions. The most important therapeutic action is the inhibition of smooth muscle and glands innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves. Atropine also has central-nervous-system activity, which may be stimulating or depressing depending upon the dose.

Pharmacokinetics: 

Rapidly and well absorbed after IM injection. Physical exercise, either prior to or immediately following IM injection, increases absorption due to muscle perfusion and decreases clearance.
Inhibition of salivation occurs within 30 minutes or 30–60 minutes and peaks within 1–1.6 or 2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 2–4 minutes after IV injection.
Increase in heart rate occurs within 5–40 minutes or 0.5–2 hours and peaks within 20–60 minutes or 1–2 hours after IM or oral administration, respectively.
Ocular effects are delayed following systemic administration.
Inhibition of salivation persists for up to 4 hours.
Following IM administration, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 30 minutes.
Rapidly and well distributed throughout the body, including the CNS.
Traces are found in various secretions, including milk.
Crosses the placental barrier and enters fetal circulation but is not found in amniotic fluid.
Binds poorly (about 44%); mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein.
Via the liver to several metabolites including tropic acid, atropine (or a chromatographically similar compound), and, possibly, esters of tropic acid and glucuronide conjugates.
About 30–50% of a dose is excreted in urine unchanged.
Excreted mainly through the kidneys; however, small amounts may be excreted in the feces and expired air.
Biphasic following IM injection; 2–3-hours initially followed by a terminal half-life of 12.5 hours or longer.

Indications: 

1. In the treatment of parkinsonism. Rigidity and tremor relieved by the apparently selective depressant action.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract to relieve pylorospasm, hypertonicity of the small intestine and the hypermotility of the colon.
3. To relieve hypertonicity of the uterine muscle.
4. To relax the spasm of biliary and uretered colic and bronchial spasm.
5. To diminish the tone of the detrusor muscle of the urinary bladder in the treatment of urinary tract disorders.
6. To control the crying and laughing episodes in patients with brain lesions.
7. In cases of closed head injuries which cause acetylcholine to be released or to be present in cerebrospinal fluid which in turn causes abnormal EEG patterns, stupor and neurological signs.
8. In the management of peptic ulcer.
9. In anesthesia to control excessive salivation and bronchial secretions.
10. To control rhinorrhea of acute rhinitis or hay fever.
11. As an antidote for pilocarpine, physostigmine, isoflurophate, choline esters, certain species of Aminata and in cases of anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning.
12. In poisoning by the organic phosphate cholinesterase inhibitors found in certain insecticides and by chemical warfare "nerve gases", large doses of Atropine relieve the muscarine-like symptoms and some of the central-nervous-system manifestations. Adults suspected of contact with organic phosphorus insecticides of the parathion type should be given Atropine sulfate, 0.8 mg, intramuscularly. If an Atropine effect is not apparent within thirty minutes or if definite symptoms of the poisoning occur (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pupillary constriction, pulmonary edema, fasciculations of eyelids and tongue, jerky ocular movements, and excessive sweating, salivation, and bronchial secretion), Atropine sulfate, 2 mg, should be given intramuscularly at hourly intervals until signs of atropinization are observed. Up to two or three times this dose (4 to 6 mg) may be required in severe cases.

Contraindications: 

Conditions in which inhibition of postganglionic cholinergic nerves are undesirable, such as glaucoma and tachycardia. Also contraindicated in asthma, because the parenteral dose which might relieve asthma would have an excessive drying effect upon mucous plugs in the bronchi. Prostatic hypertrophy, while not a contraindication, requires special attention to signs of urinary retention.

Precautions: 

Doses of 0.5 to 1 mg of Atropine are mildly stimulating to the central nervous system. Larger doses may produce mental disturbances; still larger doses are depressing. Death from Atropine poisoning, though rare, is usually due to paralysis of the medullary centers.

Drug Interactions: 

• belladonna , benztropine , dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), methscopolamine, or scopolamine ;
• bronchodilators such as ipratropium (Atrovent) or tiotropium (Spiriva);
• digoxin ;
• glycopyrrolate ;
• mepenzolate ;
• bladder or urinary medications such as darifenacin , flavoxate , oxybutynin , tolterodine or solifenacin (Vesicare); or
• irritable bowel medications such as dicyclomine , hyoscyamine or propantheline .

Side Effects: 

• an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face, difficulty breathing, closing of your throat, or hives);
• an irregular or fast heart rate;
• rash or flushing; or
• eye pain.
• headache, dizziness or lightheadedness;
• weakness or nervousness;
• blurred vision, large pupils, or sensitivity of the eyes to bright light;
• nausea, bloating, heartburn, or constipation;
• changes in taste;
• difficulty urinating;
• decreased sweating; or
• nasal congestion, stuffiness, or a dry mouth.

Storage: 

• Store below 30 C°
• Protect from light and freezing

Packing: 

• Injection 0.5mg/1m: Box of 10 ampoules

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CONTACT US:

Head Office:
Address: No.1, Beastoon Ave., Dr. Fatemi Sq., Tehran1431663135 Iran
Tel: (+98 21)-889 65323
Fax: (+98 21)-889 57056
Factory:
Address: Caspian tamin Pharmaceutical Co., Entrance 1, Rasht Industrial Zone, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
Tel: (+98 131) 338-2511- 8
Fax: (+98 131) 338 – 2517